RT Journal Article T1 Blanche Thornycroft A1 Keith Harcourt A1 Roy Edwards YR 2018 VO 10 IS Autumn 2018 K1 Women K1 engineering K1 Thornycroft K1 ship K1 design K1 testing tank K1 family business AB This paper seeks to examine and contextualise the role of Blanche Thornycroft within her family business of John I. Thornycroft in the first half of the twentieth century. The role of Blanche in assisting her father and, after his death, the Thornycroft Company in collecting experimental data informed the design of many vessels. Her role in testing Coastal Motor Boats is explored using the archival material discovered during the ARHC funded project ‘Business, government and the workplace: John I. Thornycroft & Company Limited, and the Great War'. NO See also Horrell and Humphries (1995), Sarasúa and Gálvez (2003), Gálvez and Fernández (2007), Solà (2008), Humphries and Sarasúa (2012), Schmidt and van Nederveen (2012), Borderías (2013), and Zucca (2014). NO Crichton (1991, p 33) and Ferreiro (2007, pp 150–151) explore the early modern antecedents to ship hull design. Bailey (1995, pp 1–10) details early testing techniques. NO The Institution of Naval Architects abbreviated hereafter as INA was founded originally in 1860 and received its first Royal Charter in 1910 and its second in 1960. However, the Institution did not add the prefix ‘Royal’ until its centenary in 1960. Today it is known as the Royal Institution of Naval Architects and abbreviated as RINA. NO It is Tom’s personal archive, held at the Hampshire Cultural Trust that was the subject of the AHRC project and from which the initial links into Blanche’s life were found. NO Thanks to John Jeffries of the Classic Boat Museum, the authors were able to spend some time with John Thornycroft Margetson and we were granted access to the tank building, which is not open to the public. NO Tom Thornycroft Collection – Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO Tom Thornycroft Collection, Box 239 – Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO Historic England https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1426608 (accessed 10 September 2018) NO John E Thornycroft. ‘Curves’ JET/ALG. 20/05/1935. Tom Thornycroft Collection – Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO Blanche C Thornycroft. Note book Wire Hawsers 1916–1917. P1. Box ARCH 080. Classic Boat Museum Archive, East Cowes NO Agar’s vessel survives in an unseaworthy state at the Imperial War Museum, Duxford. NO Blanche C Thornycroft, ‘Women Inventors – Miss Thornycroft’s correction’, The Daily Post, January 1919. Cutting in the Tom Thornycroft Collection. Box 63 Item 1b Hampshire Cultural Trust. NO Gillis-Donovan, J and Moynihan-Bradt, C, 1990, ‘The power of invisible women in the family business’, Family Business Review 3 (2), p 153. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6248.1990.00153.x NO Sir John E Thornycroft. Box 291_1. The Tom Thornycroft Archive. Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO R W Dana Letter to Sir John I Thornycroft. Box 43. The Tom Thornycroft Archive. Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO Sir John Isaac Thornycroft. Letter to Miss B Thornycroft MINA. Box 44. The Tom Thornycroft Archive. Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO Sir John E Thornycroft. Ref JET. ALG. 22. The Tom Thornycroft Archive. Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO Sir John E Thornycroft. Ref. JET.ALG.17. The Tom Thornycroft Archive. Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO The Motor Yacht Trenora Graces Guide www.gracesguide.co.uk/images/2/27/Im1933EnV156-p109.jpg (accessed 20 September 2018) NO K C Barnaby. Trenora – Owners (sic) Launch, 20 November 1933. Ref. KCB/NR The Tom Thornycroft Archive. Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO E Gerald Stanley. ‘Untitled’, 20 November 1933. Ref. ORK. The Tom Thornycroft Archive. Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO K C Barnaby. Letter to Miss B. Thornycroft. 18 December 1933. Ref. KCB. The Tom Thornycroft Archive. Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO K C Barnaby. Letter to Miss B. Thornycroft. 14 January 1934. Ref. KCB/RH. The Tom Thornycroft Archive. Hampshire Cultural Trust, Winchester NO Dumas, C, 1992, ‘Integrating the daughter into family business management’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16 4, pp 41–56 PB The Science Museum Group SN 2054-5770 LA eng DO 10.15180/1851009 UL http://journal.sciencemuseum.org.uk/browse/issue-10/blanche-thornycroft/ CR Anon, Supplement to the London Gazette, Part 2, 13 July 1917, p 7070 CR Anon, 1918, ‘A short history of the revival of the Small Torpedo Boat (CMBs) during the Great War’ (London: John I. Thornycroft & Co) CR Anon, 1918, Transactions – Spring Meetings of the Sixtieth Session of the Institution of Naval Architects CR Anon, 1919, ‘Outside the Gates’ British Journal of Nursing 19/04/1919 CR Anon, 1919, Transactions – Spring Meetings of the Sixtieth Session of the Institution of Naval Architects. CR Anon, 1919, Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects – Bye-Laws, p xxviii CR Anon, 1929, Obituary ‘Sir John Isaac. Thornycroft 1843–1928’, Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Volume 227 Issue 1929, p 279 https://doi.org/10.1680/imotp.1929.14359  (accessed 21 March 2018) CR Anon, 1951, ‘Woman’s Role in RN Ship Design’, Portsmouth Evening News 1 January CR Anon, 2011, National Physical Laboratory http://www.npl.co.uk/about/history/research/ship-tanks/ (accessed 25 August 2018) CR Baker, G S and Keary, E M, 1918a, ‘Experiments with models of seaplane floats.’ R & M. No. 142, April CR Baker, G S and Keary, E M, 1918b, in conjunction with Captain Gundry, RAF and Lieutenant Hackforth, RAF, ‘Experiments with full sized machines’ R & M. No. 473, April CR Baker, G S and Keary, E M, 1918c, ‘Experiments with models of flying boat hulls’, R & M. Nos.4723 and 483, September and December CR Baker, G S and Keary, E M, 1918d, ‘The effect of the longitudinal motion of a ship on its statical transverse stability’, Transactions of the INA (London: Institution of Naval Architects) CR Baker, G S and Keary, E M, 1930, ‘Experiments on the resistance and form of towed barges’, Transactions of the INA (London: Institution of Naval Architects) CR Bailey, D, 1995, Ships in the Making (London: Lloyds of London Press) CR Barnaby, K C, 1964, 100 Years of Specialised Shipbuilding and Engineering (London: Hutchinson) CR Buchanan R A, 1989, The Engineers: History of the Engineering Profession in Britain, 1750–1914, (London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers) CR Chandler, A, 1990, Scale and Scope (Harvard: Harvard University Press) CR Crichton, A T, 1991, ‘William and Robert Edmund Froude and the Evolution of the Ship-Model Experimental Tank’, Transactions of the Newcomen Society, Vol 61 CR Dumas, C, 1992, ‘Integrating the daughter into family business management’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16 4, pp 41–56 CR Ferreiro, L D, 2007, Ships and Science: The Birth of Naval Architecture in the Scientific Revolution, 1600–1800 (Cambridge Mass: MIT Press) CR Folker, C A, 2008, ‘Women in Family Firms: Characteristics, Roles and Contributions’, Small Business Institute Research Review 35, pp 157–168 CR Gillis-Donovan, J and Moynihan-Bradt, C, 1990, ‘The Power of Invisible Women in the Family Business’ Family Business Review 3/2,p 153–167. DOI 10.1111/j.1741-6248.1990.00153.x. (accessed 23 August 2018) CR Handford, I, 2017, ‘William Froude – Torquay’s Hydrodynamicist & Naval Architect who changed history’, The English Riviera Magazine October-November, pp 26–28 CR Hannah, L, 2009, ‘Strategic Games, Scale, and Efficiency, or Chandler goes to Hollywood’, in Coopey, R, and Lyth, P (eds), Business in Britain in the Twentieth Century: Decline and Renaissance? (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp 15–47 CR Jeffries, J, 2011, John I Thornycroft: His Family and Maritime Legacy on the Isle of Wight (East Cowes: Classic Boat Museum) CR Koelbel, Jnr, J G, 1971, Bibliography on Power Boat Design, pp 66–68, (Springfield VA. USA: Office of Naval Research) www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/743964.pdf (accessed 28 August 2018) CR Leggett, D, 2015, Shaping the Royal Navy – Technology, Authority and Naval Architecture, c. 1830–1906 (Manchester: Manchester University Press) CR Lyman, A F, 1991, ‘Customer Service: Does family ownership make a difference?’, Family Business Review, 4/3, pp 303–324 CR Magee, F, 1922, ‘Transporting a Navy through the jungles of Africa in wartime’, National Geographic, XLII CR McKenna, S A and Ferreiro, L D, 2013, ‘The Scientific and Management Revolution in Shipbuilding on the ‘Two Clydes’, 1880–1900’, Nautical Research Journal Vol. 58, No 2, pp 105–128 CR Rodríguez-Modroño, P, Gálvez-Muñoz, L, and Agenjo-Calderón, A, 2015, ‘The Hidden Role of Women in Family Firms’, Working Papers in History & Economic Institutions, H&EI 15/01, pp 2–23 CR Selby, M, 1920, ‘The First Annual General Meeting of the W.E.S’, The Woman Engineer. 1/ 3, p 28 (accessed 29 March 2018) CR Stanley, J, 2016, From Cabin ‘Boys’ to Captains – 250 years of Women at Sea (Stroud: The History Press) CR Wightman, C, 1999, More than Munitions: Women, Work and the Engineering Industries, 1900–50 (Abingdon: Routledge) WT Science Museum Group Journal OL 30